Links to sites with Organic Molecule models and diagrams

Molecular Model Visualization SW - RasMol Home Page http://www.umass.edu/microbio/rasmol/

Other modelers http://valhalla.chem.udel.edu/3-D.html

• Go to this page to see another Molecule Building lab with pictures like the ones below. Building Molecular Models of Simple Covalent Molecules - Day One

• Read the explanations carefully and see it it makes more sense then follow the link on the bottom of the page to see more of the lab...

• another lab http://www.zerobio.com/central/modellab.htm

• Creative Chemistry Interactive Molecular Models - Alkanes http://www.creative-chemistry.org.uk/molecules/alkanes.htm

• RasMol Quick Start http://www.umass.edu/microbio/rasmol/rasquick.htm

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a) Alcohols (5 structural, 4 Lewis) are compounds which have one (or more) -OH group(s) attached to a carbon.

Some of the alcohols below have isomers in which there is no -OH group. These "non-OH" structures are not alcohols, so do not include them here.

b) Ethers (4 structural, 2 Lewis) are substances which contain an oxygen which is itself bonded to two other carbons.
Any substance which contains a C-O-C arrangement in it is considered an ether.

c) Aldehydes (2 structural, 2 Lewis) are substances that have a double bonded oxygen

connected to a TERMINAL carbon (the end carbon in a chain).

There also MUST be a hydrogen connected to the terminal carbon.

d) Ketones (1 structural, 1 Lewis) are substances that have an oxygen double bonded to a carbon and the carbon is NOT a terminal carbon.

acetone,

CH3COCH3

e) Acids (2 structural, 2 Lewis) are substances that have two atoms attached to a terminal carbon: a double bonded oxygen AND an -OH group.

Both are attached to the SAME carbon.

DAY 1

a) Alkane (7 structural, 3 Lewis) is the category name for a set of compounds which contain

 carbon and hydrogen and ONLY single bonds. An alkane has the general formula of C_nH_{2n + 2}. Build the following alkanes:

methane, CH4	ethane, C2H6
propane, C3H8	butane, C4H10 & pentane, C5H12
hexane, C6H14  & eptane, C7H16
Special Note: there are TWO (or more) different ways to make some structures, starting with the C4H10 formula.

Alkene (3 structural, 2 Lewis) is the category name for a set of compounds which contain carbon and hydrogen, ONE double bond and the rest single bonds. An alkene has the general formula of C_nH_2n.

ethene (also called ethylene), C2H4	propene (also called propylene), C3H6
butene (also called butylene), C4H8

Special Note: Butene can have the double bond in two different locations.

Alkyne (3 structural, 2 Lewis) is the category name for a set of compounds which contain carbon and hydrogen,

ONE triple bond and the rest single bonds. An alkyne has the general formula of C_nH_{2n - 2}. Pronounce alkyne to rhyme with "nine."

ethyne (also called acetylene), C2H2	propyne, C3H4
butyne, C4H6
Special Note: Butyne can have the triple bond in two different locations.

DAY 4

a) Cycloalkanes are compounds which have only carbon and hydrogen with ONLY single bonds. However, there is a twist - the carbons are connected in a circular (it's called a ring) manner. The carbons are NOT in a straight chain, but rather the two "ends" of a straight chain are connected to each other. (Please use the thinner bonds to make the carbon to carbon single bonds in cyclopropane.) Build the following models:

1. cyclopropane, C₃H₆ A picture of cyclopropane
2. cyclobutane, C₄H₈ A picture of cyclobutane
3. cyclopentane, C₅H₁₀ A picture of cyclopentane
4. cyclohexane, C₆H₁₂ A picture of cyclohexane

b) Cycloalkenes are compounds which have only carbon and hydrogen with ONLY one double bond and the rest single bonds. Remember, cyclo- means that the carbons are connected in a ring manner. Do NOT draw the carbons in a straight chain. (Please use the thinner bonds to make the carbon to carbon single bonds in cyclopropene.) Build the following models:

5. cyclopropene, C₃H₄ A picture of cyclopropene
6. cyclobutene, C₄H₆ A picture of cyclobutene
7. cyclopentene, C₅H₈ A picture of cyclopentene
8. cyclohexene, C₆H₁₀ A picture of cyclohexene

 

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