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The tables below show the commonly-available sizes of socket wrench and the fasteners they fit.
The 8-pt socket, available only in inch sizes, fits only square heads.
A 12-pt socket fits both hexagonal, square, and 12-pt heads (the last found only in aerospace bolts).

Sockets are made that are deeper than the normal socket, so that they will fit over bolts that protrude so far the normal socket will not come down far enough to engage the the nut. One end of a socket has a square recess which fits the socket wrench.
In consumer wrenches, the square drives are ¼″, 3/8″, ½″, and ¾″. American Socket Wrenches: Inch Sizes to One Inch

Size Drive size Fits head or nut of bolt with this diameter
¼″ 3/8″ ½″ ¾″
6
pt		 12
pt		 6pt
d		 6
pt		 8
pt		 12
pt		 6pt
d		 12pt
d		 6
pt		 8
pt		 12
pt		 6pt
d		 12pt
d		 12
pt		 current fasteners  
5/32" checkmark                           #0, #1 nuts  
3/16" checkmark checkmark checkmark                       #2, #3 nuts  
7/32″ checkmark checkmark checkmark                          
1/4" checkmark checkmark checkmark   checkmark                   #4 nuts  
9/32" checkmark checkmark checkmark                          
5/16" checkmark checkmark checkmark   checkmark                   #5, #6 nuts  
11/32" checkmark checkmark checkmark                       #8 nuts  
3/8" checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark             ¼″ square, #10 nut  
7/16" checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark       #12 nut, ¼″ except sq.  
½" checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark   5/16"  
9/16"       checkmark   checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark   3/8" 5/16 hex nut
  pre-1950s
19/32"                     checkmark          
5/8"       checkmark   checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark   7/16" bolts, sq. nuts 3/8" hex nut
  pre-1950s
21/32″                     checkmark          
11/16"       checkmark   checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark   7/16" hex nut  
3/4       checkmark   checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark   ½" 7/16 hex nut
pre-1950s
25/32"                     checkmark   checkmark      
13/16"       checkmark   checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark   checkmark checkmark checkmark   9/16" hex bolts ½" hex nut
pre-1950s
7/8"             checkmark checkmark checkmark   checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark 9/16" hex nuts  
15/16"                 checkmark   checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark 5/8"  
1"                 checkmark   checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark   5/8 hex nut
pre-1950s
1 1/16"                 checkmark   checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark    
1 1/8"                 checkmark   checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark    
1 3/16"                           checkmark    
1 1/4"                 checkmark   checkmark     checkmark    
1 5/16"                           checkmark 5/8  
1 3/8"                           checkmark    
1 7/16"                           checkmark    
1 1/2"                           checkmark 1  
1 5/8"                                

American Socket Wrenches: Metric Sizes to 36mm

Size
(mm)		 ¼″ drive 3/8″ drive ½″ drive Fits bolt or nut with this diameter
6
pt		 12
pt		 6pt
d		 6
pt		 12
pt		 6pt
d		 12pt
d		 6
pt		 12
pt		 6pt
d		 12
d		 ISO J.I.S.
(Japan)		 D.I.N
(Germany)
3                            
4 checkmark                          
5 checkmark                          
5.5                       3   3
6 checkmark                       3  
7 checkmark                     4   4
8 checkmark                     5 4 5
9 checkmark     checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark       5  
10 checkmark     checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark     6 6 6
11 checkmark     checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark     7 7 7
12 checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark     8    
13 checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark         8
14   checkmark   checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark   checkmark 10 8  
15       checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark          
16         checkmark checkmark checkmark   checkmark          
17       checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark   checkmark 12 10 10
18         checkmark checkmark checkmark   checkmark          
19       checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark checkmark   checkmark 14 12 12
                             
21                 checkmark   checkmark   14  
22               checkmark checkmark   checkmark 16   14
23                         16  
24                 checkmark         16
27                 checkmark   checkmark      
30                 checkmark          
32                 checkmark          
36                 checkmark        

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

  

 

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